Nutritional deficiencies and metabolic alterations are common complications following bariatric surgery, requiring often lifelong monitoring and supplementation. The aim of this retrospective study is to investigate whether a structured follow-up can mitigate micronutrient deficiencies and metabolic changes. This study was conducted at Cannizaro Hospital (Catania, Italy), a national referral center accredited by SICOB (Italian Society for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery). The cohort included patients who underwent bariatric surgery who completed one year follow-up between October 2022 and May 2024. Medical records such as anthropometric, clinical and laboratory data were collected for each patient at five different timepoints: baseline, 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-months post-surgery. Serum levels of iron, hemoglobin, vitamin D, folate, vitamin B12 and uric acid were analyzed to assess nutritional and metabolic status over time. One-year follow-up adherence of the patient cohort was equal to 97.5%. A significant increase in serum iron, vitamin D and folate levels was observed one year after surgery. Hemoglobin and vitamin B12 levels remained stable over time. Uric acid showed a significant rise at 1 month after surgery, followed by a progressive reduction by 12 months. This study highlights the importance of a structured follow-up program after bariatric surgery, contributing to the prevention of common postoperative complications.
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